Product Overview
The IH type single-stage single-suction cantilever chemical centrifugal pump is designed according to the international standard ISO2858 and manufactured according to the international standard ISO5199/DIS. Its technical index is about 5% higher than the old product, and the NPSH is reduced. About 2m, it is a kind of energy-saving and high-efficiency product with stable performance and standardized parts. It is the energy-saving replacement product that the Ministry of Machinery Industry has decided to replace the old-style corrosion-resistant pump and replace the imported one.
Product Features
High popularity, stable performance, stainless steel material 304, 316L, CD-4Mcu, 904, 904L, Hastelloy density range P = 1.0 ~ 1.84 & times; 103kg / m3 medium temperature in the range of -20 ° C ∽ + 180 ° C Between; system working pressure ≤ 1.6MPa flow 3.4 ∽ 460m3 / h head H3.6 ∽ 132m
Product usage
IH pump is suitable for chemical, petroleum, petrochemical, metallurgy, light industry, printing and dyeing, pharmaceutical, environmental protection, seawater desalination, offshore oil, paper, food and other industrial sectors to transport organic or inorganic chemical media and petroleum products without solid particles. Corrosive liquid.
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???????????? Model
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????????????
???????????? Import ←
???????????? |
????????????
???????????? export →
???????????? |
????????????
???????????? Traffic
???????????? |
????????????
???????????? Head
???????????? |
????????????
???????????? With motor
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????????????
???????????? Imp diameter
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???????????? Import-Export-Impeller (mm)(mm)(mm)
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????????????
???????????? mm
???????????? |
????????????
???????????? mm
???????????? |
????????????
???????????? (m3/h)
???????????? |
????????????
???????????? (m)
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???????????? Speed ??r/min power (KW)
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???????????? mm
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IH25-25-125
|
25
|
25
|
4
|
20
|
2900
|
1.1
|
125
|
|
IH25-25-160
|
25
|
25
|
4
|
32
|
2900
|
1.5
|
160
|
|
IH32-25-125
|
32
|
25
|
5
|
20
|
2900
|
1.5
|
125
|
|
IH32-25-160
|
32
|
25
|
5
|
32
|
2900
|
2.2
|
160
|
|
IH32-25-200
|
32
|
25
|
5
|
50
|
2900
|
3
|
200
|
|
IH40-32-125
|
40
|
32
|
7
|
20
|
2900
|
1.5
|
125
|
|
IH40-32-160
|
40
|
32
|
7
|
32
|
2900
|
2.2
|
160
|
|
IH40-32-200
|
40
|
32
|
7
|
50
|
2900
|
4
|
200
|
|
IH50-32-125
|
50
|
32
|
12.5
|
20
|
2900
|
2.2
|
125
|
|
IH50-32-125
|
50
|
32
|
6.3
|
5
|
1450
|
0.55
|
125
|
|
IH50-32-160
|
50
|
32
|
12.5
|
32
|
2900
|
3
|
160
|
|
IH50-32-160
|
50
|
32
|
6.3
|
8
|
1450
|
0.55
|
160
|
|
IH50-32-200
|
50
|
32
|
12.5
|
50
|
2900
|
5.5
|
200
|
|
IH50-32-200
|
50
|
32
|
6.3
|
12.5
|
1450
|
0.75
|
200
|
|
IH50-32-250
|
50
|
32
|
12.5
|
80
|
2900
|
11
|
250
|
|
IH50-32-250
|
50
|
32
|
6.3
|
20
|
1450
|
1.5
|
250
|
|
IH65-50-125
|
65
|
50
|
25
|
20
|
2900
|
3
|
125
|
|
IH65-50-125
|
65
|
50
|
12.5
|
5
|
1450
|
0.55
|
125
|
|
IH65-50-160
|
65
|
50
|
25
|
32
|
2900
|
5.5
|
160
|
|
IH65-50-160
|
65
|
50
|
12.5
|
8
|
1450
|
0.75
|
160
|
|
IH65-40-200
|
65
|
40
|
25
|
50
|
2900
|
11
|
200
|
|
IH65-40-200
|
65
|
40
|
12.5
|
12.5
|
1450
|
1.1
|
200
|
|
IH65-40-250
|
65
|
40
|
25
|
80
|
2900
|
15
|
250
|
|
IH65-40-250
|
65
|
40
|
12.5
|
20
|
1450
|
2.2
|
250
|
|
IH65-40-315
|
65
|
40
|
25
|
125
|
2900
|
30
|
315
|
|
IH65-40-315
|
65
|
40
|
12.5
|
32
|
1450
|
4
|
315
|
|
IH80-65-125
|
80
|
65
|
50
|
20
|
2900
|
5.5
|
125
|
|
IH80-65-125
|
80
|
65
|
25
|
5
|
1450
|
0.75
|
125
|
|
IH80-65-160
|
80
|
65
|
50
|
32
|
2900
|
7.5
|
160
|
|
IH80-65-160
|
80
|
65
|
25
|
8
|
1450
|
1.1
|
160
|
|
IH80-50-200
|
80
|
50
|
50
|
50
|
2900
|
15
|
200
|
|
IH80-50-200
|
80
|
50
|
25
|
12.5
|
1450
|
2.2
|
200
|
|
IH80-50-250
|
80
|
50
|
50
|
80
|
2900
|
30
|
250
|
|
IH80-50-250
|
80
|
50
|
25
|
20
|
1450
|
4
|
250
|
|
IH80-50-315
|
80
|
50
|
50
|
125
|
2900
|
45
|
315
|
|
IH80-50-315
|
80
|
50
|
25
|
32
|
1450
|
5.5
|
315
|
|
IH100-80-125
|
100
|
80
|
100
|
20
|
2900
|
11
|
125
|
|
IH100-80-125
|
100
|
80
|
50
|
5
|
1450
|
1.5
|
125
|
|
IH100-80-160
|
100
|
80
|
100
|
32
|
2900
|
15
|
160
|
|
IH100-80-160
|
100
|
80
|
50
|
8
|
1450
|
2.2
|
160
|
|
IH100-65-200
|
100
|
65
|
100
|
50
|
2900
|
30
|
200
|
|
IH100-65-200
|
100
|
65
|
50
|
12.5
|
1450
|
4
|
200
|
|
IH100-65-250
|
100
|
65
|
100
|
80
|
2900
|
45
|
250
|
|
IH100-65-250
|
100
|
65
|
50
|
20
|
1450
|
5.5
|
250
|
|
IH100-65-315
|
100
|
65
|
100
|
125
|
2900
|
75
|
315
|
|
IH100-65-315
|
100
|
65
|
50
|
32
|
1450
|
11
|
315
|
|
IH125-100-200
|
125
|
100
|
200
|
50
|
2900
|
45
|
200
|
|
IH125-100-200
|
125
|
100
|
100
|
12.5
|
1450
|
7.5
|
200
|
|
IH125-100-250
|
125
|
100
|
200
|
80
|
2900
|
75
|
250
|
|
IH125-100-250
|
125
|
100
|
100
|
20
|
1450
|
11
|
250
|
|
IH125-100-315
|
125
|
100
|
200
|
125
|
2900
|
110
|
315
|
|
IH125-100-315
|
125
|
100
|
100
|
32
|
1450
|
18.5
|
315
|
|
IH125-100-400
|
125
|
100
|
100
|
50
|
1450
|
30
|
400
|
|
IH150-125-250
|
150
|
125
|
200
|
20
|
1450
|
18.5
|
250
|
|
IH150-125-315
|
150
|
125
|
200
|
32
|
1450
|
30
|
315
|
|
IH150-125-400
|
150
|
125
|
200
|
50
|
1450
|
55
|
400
|
|
IH200-150-250
|
200
|
150
|
400
|
20
|
1450
|
37
|
250
|
|
IH200-150-315
|
200
|
150
|
400
|
32
|
1450
|
55
|
315
|
|
IH200-150-400
|
200
|
150
|
400
|
50
|
1450
|
90
|
400
|
|
IH250-200-315
|
250
|
200
|
550
|
32
|
1450
|
75
|
315
|
|
IH250-200-450
|
250
|
200
|
600
|
60
|
1450
|
160
|
450
|
Corrosion resistance of the main material of the pump (for reference)
| Media | ????????????concentration ????????????(%) |
????????????Polypropylene | ????????????concentration ????????????(%) |
????????????A B C | ????????||
| 25°C | ????????????50°C | ????????????20°C | ????????????60°C | ????????|||
| Sulfuric acid | ????????????60 | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | <30 | ????????????√ | ????????????Χ | ????????
| Nitrate | ????????????25 | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | 20 | ????????????√ | ????????????Ο | ????????
| Hydrochloric acid | ????????????<36 | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | <38 | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| Hydroxyfluoric acid | ????????????35 | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | 40 | ????????????√ | ????????????Χ | ????????
| Acetate | ????????????<80 | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | <20 | ????????????√ | ????????????Ο | ????????
| Sodium hydroxide | ????????????100 | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????
| potassium dichromate | ????????????25 | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????
| Stinky water | ???????????????????????? | Χ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | Ο | ????????????Χ | ????????
| Ethanol | ???????????????????????? | √ | ???????????????????????? | <50 | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| Acetone | ???????????????????????? | √ | ???????????????????????? | 10 | ????????????Ο | ???????????????????? |
| Tetrachloroethane | ???????????????????????? | Ο | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | Ο | ????????????Χ | ????????
| Freon 22 | ???????????????????????? | √ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | Ο | ????????????Ο | ????????
| bleaching solution | ????????????CL13% | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | CL12.5% | ????????????Ο | ????????????Ο | ????????
| Plating solution | √ | Ο | Χ | |||
| Photographic fluid | √ | √ | √ | |||
| Media | ????????????concentration ????????????(%) |
????????????Stainless steel | ????????????concentration ????????????(%) |
????????????Ceramic | ????????||
| 25°C | ????????????50°C | ????????????25°C | ????????????50°C | ????????|||
| Sulfuric acid | ????????????<5 | ????????????√ | ????????????Χ | ???????????????????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| Nitrate | ????????????70 | ????????????△ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| Hydrochloric acid | ???????????????????????? | Χ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| Hydroxyfluoric acid | ???????????????????????? | Χ | ???????????????????????? | 0~100 | ????????????Χ | ???????????????????? |
| Acetate | ????????????<20 | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| Sodium hydroxide | ????????????70 | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | Ο | ????????????Χ | ????????
| potassium dichromate | ????????????40~60 | ????????????△ | ????????????△ | ????????????10~20 | ????????????△ | ????????????△ | ????????
| Stinky water | ???????????????????????? | Ο | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| Ethanol | ???????????????????????? | △ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| Acetone | ???????????????????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ???????????????????????? | △ | ???????????????????? |
| Tetrachloroethane | ????????????50 | ????????????△ | ????????????△ | ???????????????????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| Freon 22 | ???????????????????????? | △ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| bleaching solution | ????????????CL12% | ????????????Χ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| plating solution | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
| Photographic fluid | ???????????????????????? | △ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | △ | ????????????△ | ????????
Note: △ is excellent; √ is good; Ο is available, but has obvious corrosion; Χ severe corrosion, not applicable.
Physical and mechanical properties of PVDF
| Performance | ????????????unit | ????????????Press | ????????
| density | ????????????g/cm3 | ????????????1.75-1.79 | ????????
| 比度 | ????????????cm3/g | ????????????0.56-0.75 | ????????
| melting point range | ????????????0c | ????????????155-170 | ????????
| refractive index | ????????????n25D | ????????????1.42 | ????????
| Molding shrinkage rate | ????????????% | ????????????2-3 | ????????
| Stretching strong hair (yield) | ????????????Mpa | ????????????28-41 | ????????
| Stretching strong hair (breaking) | ????????????Mpa | ????????????31-52 | ????????
| Elongation (fracture) | ????????????% | ????????????100-400 | ????????
| Impact strength (no gap) | ????????????KJ/m | ????????????107-214 | ????????
| compressive strength | ????????????Mpa | ????????????55-69 | ????????
| hardness (Shore D) | ???????????????????????? | 70-80 | ????????
| Abrasion | ????????????mg/1000r | ????????????7.0-9.0 | ????????
| Limited Oxygen Index (l0 I) | ????????????% | ????????????44 | ????????
| burning rate | ???????????????????????? | V-D | ????????
| resistivity | ????????????u194 | ????????????1.0x10 15 | ????????
| Dielectric number | ????????????10 31 CYCles | ????????????9.7 | ????????
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) chemical resistance
| Chemical Medium | ????????????concentration ????????????(%) |
????????????Maximum operating temperature °C | ????????????Chemical Medium | ????????????concentration ????????????(%) |
????????????Maximum operating temperature °C | ????????????Chemical Medium | ????????????concentration ????????????(%) |
????????????Maximum operating temperature °C | ????????
| hydrochloric acid | ????????????36 | ????????????135 | ????????????Hydrogen Hydroxide | ????????????<10 | ????????????85 | ????????????ethanol | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????
| sulfuric acid | ????????????<60 | ????????????120 | ????????????Hydrogen Hydroxide | ????????????50 | ????????????50 | ????????????etherether | ???????????????????????? | 50 | ????????
| sulfuric acid | ????????????80-93 | ????????????95 | ????????????Carbon ammonium oxide | ???????????????????????? | 110 | ????????????Formaldehyde | ????????????37 | ????????????50 | ????????
| sulfuric acid | ????????????90 | ????????????65 | ????????????Carbon calcium oxide | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????????Acetone | ????????????10% aqueous solution | ????????????50 | ????????
| Nitrate | ????????????<50 | ????????????50 | ????????????carbonate | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????肼 | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????95 | ????????
| phosphoric acid | ????????????<85 | ????????????135 | ????????????Sodium bicarbonate | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????120 | ????????????benzene | ???????????????????????? | 75 | ????????
| phosphoric acid | ????????????85 | ????????????110 | ????????????Ammonia water | ???????????????????????? | 110 | ????????????aniline | ???????????????????????? | 50 | ????????
| acetic acid | ????????????10 | ????????????110 | ????????????saline | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????????toluene | ???????????????????????? | 85 | ????????
| acetic acid | ????????????80 | ????????????80 | ????????????Sodium hydrogen phosphate | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????120 | ????????????phenol | ???????????????????????? | 50 | ????????
| acetic acid | ????????????100 | ????????????50 | ????????????calcium phosphate | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????chlorobenzene | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????
| trichloroacetic acid | ????????????<10 | ????????????95 | ????????????calcium oxide | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????naphthalene | ???????????????????????? | 95 | ????????
| trichloroacetic acid | ????????????50 | ????????????50 | ????????????potassium oxide | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????chloromethane | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????
| oxalic acid | ???????????????????????? | 50 | ????????????Ammonium Oxide | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????chloroform | ???????????????????????? | 50 | ????????
| benzenesulfonic acid | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????50 | ????????????ferric oxide | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????CTC | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????
| hydrofluoric acid | ????????????40-100 | ????????????95 | ????????????ferrous ferrous sulfate | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????chloroethane | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????
| hydrofluoric acid | ????????????40 | ????????????120 | ????????????ammonium sulfate | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????1.2 trichloroethane | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????
| hydrobromic acid | ????????????50 | ????????????130 | ????????????ammonium sulfate | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????1.1.2 trichloroethane | ???????????????????????? | 65 | ????????
| Peroxyacid | ????????????10 | ????????????95 | ????????????Sodium nitrate | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????tetrachloroethane | ???????????????????????? | 120 | ????????
| Peroxyacid | ????????????70 | ????????????50 | ????????????ammonium phosphate | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????135 | ????????????vinyl chloride | ???????????????????????? | 95 | ????????
| Nanochloric acid | ????????????6-15 | ????????????95 | ????????????urea | ????????????aqueous solution | ????????????120 | ????????????Trichloroethylene | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????
| potassium chlorate | ???????????????????????? | 100 | ????????????CO2 | ???????????????????????? | 80 | ????????????Dichloroethylene | ???????????????????????? | 110 | ????????
| chromic acid | ????????????<40 | ????????????80 | ????????????chlorine dioxide | ???????????????????????? | 75 | ????????????natural gas | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????
| chromic acid | ????????????50 | ????????????50 | ????????????chlorine dioxide | ???????????????????????? | 65 | ????????????fuel oil | ???????????????????????? | 135 | ????????
| High potassium sulphate | ???????????????????????? | 120 | ????????????chlorine | ????????????element | ????????????95 | ????????????Paraffin oil | ???????????????????????? | 120 | ????????
| hydrogen peroxide | ????????????<30 | ????????????95 | ????????????bromine | ????????????element | ????????????65 | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | ???????? |
| Sodium peroxide | ???????????????????????? | 95 | ????????????Iodine | ????????????element | ????????????65 | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | ???????? |
Fluorine and corrosion performance table (for reference only)
| ???????????? | ???????????? | temperature, °C | ???????????????????? | |||||
| media | ????????????concentration% | ????????????25 | ????????????200 | ????????????media | ????????????concentration% | ????????????Temperature, 200 °C | ????????||
| sulfuric acid | ????????????0-100 | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????????formic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| fuming sulfuric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????acetic acid (acetic acid) | ????????????0-ice | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| Nitrate | ????????????0-100 | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????????acetic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| fuming sulfuric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????propionic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????? |
| hydrochloric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????acrylic | ???????????????????????? | √ | ???????????????????????? | ???????? |
| phosphoric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????acrylic anhydride | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√(boiling point) | ????????
| hydrofluoric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????methacrylic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√(boiling point) | ????????
| hydrobromic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????butyric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| Hydrioiodic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????辛酸 | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| hydrocyanic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????lauric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| nitrous acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????palmitic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| nitrous acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????stearic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| chloric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????oleic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| hypochlorous acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????linoleic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| Perchloric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????rosin acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| tetraphosphoric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????fatty acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????? |
| carbonated | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????chloroacetic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| chromic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????lactic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| silicic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????oxalic acid (oxalic acid) | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| boric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????fumaric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| arsenic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????citric acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| selenic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????nicotinic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ????????????√ | ????????
| fluorosilicic acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????? |
| Fluoroborate | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????? |
| chlorosulfonate | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????? |
| 王水 | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????? |
| mixed acid | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????????√ | ???????????????????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????????? | ???????? |
| media | ????????????concentration% | ????????????temperature, 200 °C | ????????
| Sodium hydroxide | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| potassium hydroxide | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| ammonium hydroxide | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| Magnesium hydroxide | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| calcium hydroxide | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| Aluminum Hydroxide | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| Barium hydroxide | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| iron hydroxide | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| ferrous hydroxide | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| nickel salt | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| nickel sulfate | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| Nitrate nitrate | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| nickel chloride | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| Zinc salt | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| Zinc sulfate | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| Zinc nitrate | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????
| Zinc chloride | ???????????????????????? | √ | ????????